These sometimes included among the stickleback and bitterling. In fact, in aquariums containing a much greater number of fish species. Since it is usually young big fish or fish that do not produce their magnific.
All the fish, at least in part, eat animal food, although many species eat plants, and even can not thrive without them for a long time. But even they do not neglect the poor animal. Most fish zhivotnoyadny. Often, it is courageous, well-armed predators. Even innocuous viviparous or gorgeous neon fish prey mainly on small aquatic fauna representatives. Most fish are dangerous, even the length of their own eggs or fry. Therefore, fish is often necessary immediately after spawning removed. True, we breed some fish eggs and juveniles who use the selfless care and concern for one or both parents. So behave representatives of groups that belong to the labyrinth and perch fish.
Conventional aquarium fish seize prey in different ways. The first method is the most simple and harmless: the fish caught released into the aquarium daphnia, ekhitrey and other similar food, fast movement of mouth grab prey. This production is not able to get away from the fish, and this way of eating requires almost no art of hunting and big labor.
Another way – hunting for insects on the water surface. When the fish to sink to catch water, must overcome the resistance of the surface tension of water and air bubbles adhering to the insect. Fish can also jump out of the water to catch insects, low-flying or sitting on the plants near the water surface.
Pasteurellosis. Ðаучно-популÑрные Ñтатьи
Greater earthworm fish catches at the end of the body and swallow jerky movements. Predatory fish often attack their prey suddenly from ambush, but only a few can pursue it skilfully, if the attack failed. Food is swallowed whole, but if it is too large, they are trying to break her swaying or sudden jerks. Eating plant foods, fish bite or terminate the pieces of plants. Fish captures prey mouth, sucking it strongly. Thus, this way to capture small aquatic organisms, like a vacuum cleaner operation, the retractor from the floor, small objects.
All fish have a relatively well-developed senses. The most advanced, no doubt, the sight, but the fish is also well perceive the sounds and smells that propagate in the bulk of codes. That many fish are picky taste, knows not only lovers of aquariums, but also fishermen who sometimes have to bring their fishing rods liquorish carp or bream most sophisticated lures. In addition to these sensory organs of fish are still special authority by which they determine the water pressure, namely, clearly visible in many species, called the lateral line organ through which the fish are well-versed in thicker pods. All fish have a well-developed sense of touch. Sensory cells in large numbers spread throughout the body surface, but is often concentrated in additional organs, such as in the antennae of carp, sturgeon and catfish fish. The worse the fish sees the more perfect is its sense of touch.
Horizons under water is much lower than over water. If we see in clear weather at a distance of more than 10 km, the diver, while just beneath the surface of water, with full lighting and clean water, is guided by several meters. Therefore, fish (as well as crabs and cephalopods) are more myopic than mammals and birds. Items that are removed have only a few feet or move above the water surface, fish are perceived as vague shadows. Taken closer they see rather sharp and even distinguish between a limited set of colors, which was proved by experiments. Many fish lovers claim that their fish, over time, begin to recognize their owners. In reality this is impossible. Fish can only get used to the sharp contrast of colors of clothing or certain, repetitive movements when feeding, do not dog it just within the narrow confines of their limited sensitivity. On his master’s fish look like a giant moving mass, and also accept all other people, approaching to the aquarium.
The most brightly colored fish during spawning. Between males often flare up at this time of clashes and even fierce fighting (makropody, cockerels, cichlids), or at least match to capture the female. In viviparous and many other fishes dominated polygyny (polygamy) or polyandry (polyandry), while the vast number of species of fish during spawning forms (as an exception, even continuous) isolated pairs. Males fish from Sem. Anabantidae build of air bubbles in the water foam nests in which eggs develop. Fish from Sem. Centrarchidae dig small holes in the ground and there guard the pending spawn. Males of many representatives of Sem. Cichlidae often make their females lay eggs in various shelters, such as flower pots. Other fish spawn on the leaves of aquatic plants or thick bundles of seaweed. Sticklebacks build nests of skilful parts of plants, to protect and further development of eggs, and small ornamental fish from Sem. Characidae, Copeina arnoldi, jumping out of the water and lays its eggs on the surface of plants or covering the aquarium glass. For eggs and fry care mostly male, who often drives away the female, that she not eat their own offspring. “Love” to a male juvenile, while a purely instinctive, yet admirable. Only a small cichlids, hatching eggs in his mouth, only one female cares for the offspring. She wears a calf in his mouth until hatched fry, and there they hide in case of danger.
The temperature at which the fish live well, different. Most aquarium fish found at water temperatures 22-24 C. Only some types require a lower temperature. For spawning, the development of eggs and rearing fry temperature should be slightly raised. Big mistake, if the water temperature to more rapid growth or frequent cold-water spawning species, artificially kept high. Because of this, feminize fish, which is one of the reasons for their progressive degeneration.
Another cause of degeneration – growing in too small pots and maloraznoobraznaya or bad food. Constant maintenance of fish in the so-called “common” aquarium, where many species found together, are seldom good for them. Unnecessary and often blowing the aquarium. Almost all the fish – zhivotnoyadny and hunt for live food. On the one hand – a source of interesting observations, on the other hand – the cause of greater or lesser difficulty in procuring for them live food. In general, for small fish is easier to produce food than large, but more difficult for juveniles. The most common food for aquarium fish – small crustaceans that are found in large numbers in stagnant waters. This is – water cladocerans (Daphnia and other species) and copepods (Cyclops and the like). They move in water, hops, building strong, elongated tendrils. Some aquarists have incorrectly referred to them as “water flea”, with well-known insect parasitic on humans and other warm-blooded animals, no fleas, no cyclops do not have anything in common.
Young daphnia and larval stages of copepods (nauplii) – a wonderful food for young fish. Tiny, difficult to distinguish to the eye, living organisms, often swarming in the water, in the language of hobbyists called “dust.”
Even in nature, where the fish usually eat the most abundant food, they feed exclusively by these crustaceans. A variety of fish can feed at any time to find another kind of food. Fans of the aquarium should take this into account and possibly diversify the food. Sometimes, as in winter, it’s difficult, but in the spring and summer to diversify food very easily. Especially useful food for small fish are koretry and bloodworm and enhitrei that are easy to breed at home.
For a long time to feed the larger fish can not only Daphnia. It must be remembered that the most wholesome food for adults labyrinth fish – earthworms, which are also good for cichlids, perches, vualehvostov for almost all sufficiently large fish. Peacock eye, fundulusy and predatory cichlids diligently hunt for tadpoles and small fish, and when this diet develop best. Fish Gymno-corymbus ternetzi (ternetsiya) catches, mainly insects drowning, lightning rising to the surface to grab them. Often, this natural food fish must first get used to, since it is possible that they have become estranged from her due to improper maintenance over several generations. Therefore, the aquarist should, if possible, to acquire more young fish that are easier to learn to prepared for them to normal living conditions.
Many fish can jump out of the water for the proposed food, confidently grasping it. Over time, they are so accustomed to this that they can catch and raise his hand, and they did not release caught for food.
Anyone who has not engaged in aquariums, one often thinks that the fish just swim back and forth, forcing admire its colorful painting. But aquarist knows that fish behavior is appropriate for existence in an environment that is so substantially different from the peculiar us protection. Water makes to living organisms, long living in it, quite different requirements than the atmosphere. The law of gravity manifests itself on the ground much more clearly than in the water, which makes all things considerably easier than in the air and makes rapid movement over long distances. In the airspace of fish correspond to the birds that are as beautifully and artfully float in the air like a fish in the crystal clear water.
Physical abilities of fish are great and their muscular strength as well as the flexibility of their body, are admirable. It is known that if the jump is such a small aquarium fish, like a male peacock’s eye, it is so hard and with such a real “sport” jumping excitedly on the ground that it can grasp only with difficulty. In doing so he often makes jumps to 20 times greater than the length of its body. All of the rapid movement in the water and out of the water only by means of the caudal fin. Only sea needles and seahorses move solely through undulating dorsal fin.
Frightened or attack prey fish can develop over a short distance high speed. When she tries to escape danger between plants and rocks, or burrow in soft soil, vzmuchivaya water, so you can slip out.
Experiments have shown that fish not only have a good memory for places, but can also gain experience and apply it. Individuality is most characteristic of large species. In the same conditions, one fish can be gullible, the other – a timid one – aggressive, the other – a peace-loving. Fish become accustomed to a certain place of feeding and flock to it, which side we may be approaching to the aquarium. They are also easy to get used to a certain time of feeding and determine its fairly accurate.
In nature, fish more hungry than full, and therefore they are during the day are busy searching for food. This habit and keep them in aquariums, but as the movement is limited, they are easy to grow fat and lose their mobility. Therefore, caution should be feeding, underfeeding is better than overfeeding.
